Friday, September 16, 2016

French and Indian War WQ


Part 1- Overview

Read The French and Indian War “In a Nutshell”
1. What sides fought in the French and Indian War? Who won?

Read “Why should I care?”
2. What could America be like today if the French and Indian War would have turned out differently?

Read “A Different American History”
3. At the conclusion of the French and Indian War how did the following people groups view their victory?

·         The British Indian Allies of the British-

·         American Colonists-

Read Timeline of the War
4. After reading the timeline, what do you think was the turning point of the French and Indian War?

Go to Photos and view the slideshow
5. What was Franklin trying to portray in his “Join or Die” cartoon?


Part 2- The Start

Historic Context Title: The Seven Years' War 

"Half a century of conflict between Britain and France over North America culminated in the French and Indian War. When the war began, there were more than about 2 million British colonists in America and about 65,000 French in Canada. Unlike the three previous Anglo-French wars, which were outgrowths of European conflicts, this one began with colonial initiatives. Fur traders from Pennsylvania and Virginia were eager to trade with Indians in the Ohio River valley. 

Leading Virginia planters, who were interested in developing the region, had formed the Ohio Company, and with support of London merchants, had received a royal grant of 200,000 acres in the Ohio River valley in 1749. The French, determined to secure the territory against encroaching British and American traders and land speculators, built a chain of forts along Pennsylvania's Allegheny River. The British ministry ordered colonial governors to repel the French advance, "by force" if necessary. In 1753, Virginia's Governor Robert Dinwiddie, an investor in the Ohio Company, sent George Washington, a 21-year old major in the Virginia militia, to Pennsylvania to demand a French withdrawal from the forts. The French refused. 

In the spring of 1754, Washington returned to Pennsylvania with about 160 men. The French defeated Washington at Fort Necessity, the first battle of the French and Indian War. Meanwhile, representatives of seven colonies met in Albany, New York, with representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy. The goal of the Albany Congress was to solidify friendship with the Iroquois in light of the approaching war with France and to discuss the possibility of an intercolonial union. Benjamin Franklin presented a "plan of union" at the conference that would establish a Grand Council which would be able to levy taxes, raise troops, and regulate trade with the Indians. The delegates at the congress approved the plan, but the colonies refused to ratify it, since it threatened their power of taxation. Following the surrender of Fort Necessity, Britain ordered 60-year-old Major General Edward Braddock and a combined force of 3000 redcoats and colonial militia to attack the French stronghold of Fort Duquesne at the site of present-day Pittsburgh. French and Indian forces ambushed the expedition eight miles from the fort, killing Braddock and leaving two-thirds of his soldiers dead or wounded. In 1756, William Pitt became the king's new chief minister. 

Viewing America as the place "where England and Europe are to be fought for," Pitt let Prussia bear the brunt of the Seven Years' War in Europe, while concentrating British military resources in America. He united the previously divided colonies by guaranteeing payment for military services and supplies. He also installed younger and more capable officers. Pitt's strategy worked. In 1758, the British, with colonial forces assisting, seized Louisbourg a French fortress guarding the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. In 1759, British forces sailed up the river, laid siege to the city of Québec for three months, and defeated French forces in September. 

The next year, Montreal also surrendered to the British, ending the fighting in America. The war came to an official end in 1763, with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. The treaty gave Britain all French land in Canada except for two tiny fishing islands south of Newfoundland. To the south, the treaty gave Britain all of France's holdings east of the Mississippi river, which now became the boundary between the British colonies and Louisiana, which Spain received from France before ceding Florida to Britain. In effect, triumphant Britain chose to keep Canada rather than the conquered Caribbean slave colonies Guadeloupe and Martinique, which were returned to France."

6. Question: Discuss the impact the French and Indian War had on the settlement of North America

Look at the map of 1750. 

7. Describe the difference in this map compared to the map you just looked at from 1750.

Read “Prelude to War”
8. Describe the clash that marked the beginning of the French and Indian war.
Who was the clash between?
9. What happened?
10. What were the effects of the French and Indian War? Go to the 3/3 page to find this.

Gilder Lehrman Document Number: GLB 321 Title: British North America in 1755 Year: 1755 
"Canada must be subdued" 
"Such is the British Empire in North America; which from Nova-Scotia to Georgia is a Tract of 1600 Miles Sea-Coast; a Country productive of all the necessaries and Conveniences of Life; and which already contains a greater Number of People than either the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily, Sardinia, Portugal, Spain, Denmark, Sweden, or Prussia, or the Republic of Holland. In short, there are but three Powers in Europe, which surpass them in Number, the German Empire, France, and perhaps England. America is become the Fountain of our Riches, for with America our greatest trade is carried on.... This is the Country, which the French have many Years envied us, and which they have been long meditating to make themselves Masters of: They are at length come to a Resolution to attack us, in profound Peace, in one of the best of those Colonies, Virginia; and in that part of it which lies on the River Ohio, to which Country they never pretended before. Every one knows that the English were the first and only Europeans who settled Virginia.... The French however if they find their Way to the Coast of Virginia, will easily over-run the provinces, because each Province considers itself as independence of the Rest, and the Invaders from Canada all act under one Governor; to unite 13 Provinces which fill an Extent of 1600 Miles is not easy.... Canada must be subdued."

11. Why are the French envious of Britain? 
12. Why is the 1600 mile tract important?

Part 3- Fighting the War

DOCUMENT 2 Gilder Lehrman Document Number: GLC 4944 
Title: A Soldier's Diary Author: Robert Moses Year: 1755 
Annotation: A soldier's diary provides a vivid first-hand account of fighting in northern New York during the early stages of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War), when the British and colonial forces suffered a series of punishing defeats at the hands of the French and their Indian allies. 

"We were informed that a number of Indians killed two men in a very barbarous manner. Destroyed eight cattle carried away the value of three. A scout consisting of thirty men pursued them on Friday July 25th [1755] but could not discover them..... ...we received intelligence that a number of Indians supposed to consist of one hundred killed two men about two miles from the Fort [Bellowe's Fort], took the man's heart and cut it in two and laid it on his neck, and butchers the other most barbarously, sought a house near the Fort, wounded one man that he died about an hour after our arrival.... Cutlasses and hatchets playing on every quarter with much effusion of blood but our New Hampshire forces being fresh & courageous and the Enemy tired and much discouraged with the Defeat they met with, retreated and made their escape toward a Creek the next day they were pursued a vast quantity of plunder was taken up which they dropped in the creek. The day after the battle three Frenchmen were taken up by the Guard of Fort Lymon who upon examination declared that their Army was entirely broke...."

13. To what does Moses attribute their success against the French? 


Gilder Lehrman Document Number: GLC 1412.11 Title: Fasting and Repentance Author: Stephen Hopkins Year: 1756 
Annotation: In 1756, the French and their Indian allies won a series of military victories in what is now upstate New York and southern Ontario. Following the British and colonial defeats in the early stages of the conflict, Governor Stephen Hopkins (1707-1785) of Rhode Island issued a proclamation calling for a day of fasting and repentance. Because the United States has not been the scene of bloody battles, invasions, and wartime atrocities for well over 130 years (except, of course, for the Native American population), it is easy to forget the ravages and perils of the first 258 years of our history.

"All who acknowledge God's moral Government of the World, believe that the Sins of Mankind draw down his Judgments upon them. And as the English Colonies on the Continent are fallen under the Chastising hand of Heaven who has permitted the barbarous and cruel Savages of the Wilderness to spoil and destroy their Borders to murder their young Men and to carry their Sons and Daughters into the most Calamitous Captivity and are threatened with Wars Still more General and Judgments which portend their utter Extirpation Under such Circumstances Reason Suggests and Revelation Demonstrates that our whole Safety depend on deeply humbling ourselves before God Sincerely repenting of our Sins and religiously resolving to reform our Lives and Actions for the Time to come. 
Such Considerations have moved the General assembly of the said Colony to direct Me to proclaim Thursday the Twentieth Day of this Instant May to be observed as a Day of Fasting and Prayer throughout the Colony and that no Servile Labor be done on that Day but that all Societies of Christians within the Same Assemble themselves together at their Several usual Places of public Worship and there humbly address the Throne of Grace for the Preservation of George the Second our present King of his Royal Family and of the British Constitution and for the Peace and Safety of all his Colonies. And principally that we may break off from our Sins by hearty Repentance and may avert the Judgments of God and obtain his Favor by true Amendment of Life." 

14. Describe why Hopkins has made this proclamation. 
15. What result does he hope to obtain? 


Title: The Capture of Québec Author: John Knox Year: 1763
Annotation: The climatic battle of the conflict took place on September 12-13, 1759. After laying siege to the city of Québec for three months, 5,000 British regulars sail past the city and secretly scaled the cliffs leading to the Plains of Abraham, west of the city, under cover of darkness. The French moved quickly to repel the surprise attack, but within 15 minutes, the battle was decided. Captain John Knox offers a first-hand account of the decisive battle that brought an end to French rule over Canada.

"About ten o'clock the enemy began to advance briskly in three columns, with loud shouts and recovered arms, two of them inclining to the left of our army, and the third towards our right, firing obliquely at the two extremities of our line, from the distance of one hundred and thirty, until they came within forty, yards; which our troops withstood with the greatest intrepidity and firmness, still reserving their fire, and paying the strictest obedience to their officers. This uncommon steadiness, together with the havoc which the grapeshot from our fieldpieces made among them, threw them into some disorder, and was most critically maintained by a well-timed, regular, and heavy discharge of our small arms, such as they could no longer oppose. Hereupon they gave way, and fled with precipitation, so that, by the time the cloud of smoke was vanished, our men were again loaded, and, profiting by the advantage we had over them, pursued them almost to the gates of the town and the bridge over the little river, redoubling our fire with great eagerness, making many officers and men prisoners." 

16. To what does Knox attribute the victory?  



Gilder Lehrman Document Number: GLC 766 Title: The Fate of Native Americans Author: Richard Peters Year: 1761

Annotation: No longer able to play the French off against the British, Native Americans found it increasingly difficult to slow the advance of white settlers into the western parts of New York, Pennsylvania, North and South Carolina, and Virginia. To stop encroachments on their lands in the Southeast, the Cherokees attacked frontier settlements in the Carolinas and Virginia in 1760. Defeated the next year by British regulars and colonial militia, the Cherokees had to allow the English to build forts on their territory. Indians in western New York and Ohio also faced encroachment onto their lands. 

With the French threat removed, the British reduced the price paid for furs, allowed settlers to take Indian land without payments, and built forts in violation of treaties with local tribes. In the Spring of 1763, an Ottawa chief named Pontiac led an alliance of Delaware, Seneca, Shawnee, and other western Indians in rebellion. Pontiac's alliance attacked forts in Indiana, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin that Britain had taken over from the French, destroying all but three. 

Pontiac's forces then moved eastward, attacking settlements in western Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, killing more than 2000 colonists. Without assistance from the French, however, Pontiac's rebellion petered out by the year's end. The following letter provides context for Pontiac's uprising. Teedyuscung, a leader of the Delawares who is mentioned in the letter, originally sided with the French during the French and Indian War. 

Once the British agreed to honor Teedyuscung's land claims, however, he threw his support to England. The British also wanted to gain the support of the Iroquois, the most powerful people in western New York. At the Albany Congress in 1754, British commissioners (including Richard Peters (1704-1776), author of this letter) met with the leaders of the Iroquois League under the pretense of addressing Iroquois grievances. But instead they arranged agreements beneficial to themselves, outraging the Iroquois as well as many colonists who wanted the lands for themselves.

"...There is a general Disposition in all the Tribes of Western Indians to come to Philadelphia next Summer, which will produce a numerous meeting.... You [will hear] of the very bad behavior of Teedyuseung [a leader of the Delawares] at Pittsburgh, and in the other Places where he had any thing to do, and that he is in very low repute among his Ohio Brethren of the Delaware Indians.... However abundance will be said of them at the ensuing Treaty, & many things which may affect the Rights and former Proceedings of the Six Nations [a federation of tribes consisting of the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora]; and therefore it may be absolutely necessary that there should be a very respectful Body of Deputies properly instructed...present at this meeting.... The Connecticut People are making their grand push both in England for a new Grant from the King, and in this Province for a forcible entry and detainer of the Indian Land, on no other Pretence than that their Charter extends to the South Seas, and so like mad men they will cross New York and New Jersey, and come and kindle an Indian war in the Bowels of this poor Province...."  

17. What are they expecting Teedyuseung to do at the meeting in Philadelphia and what do they plan to do in return? 
18. Explain what the Connecticut People are trying to do and what they think will happen as a result?
Write a 1 Paragraph Summary of the Aftermath of the French and Indian War. 

Friday, August 26, 2016

Search for Scholarships

Find at least 10 scholarships for which you qualify.  Using Word or another word processing system keep track of the scholarships that interest you.  Note the URL's, deadlines and other requirements.
Deadlines are very important.  You do not want to miss out on money because you missed the deadline. 

Local Scholarships
www.azfoundation.org

Online Scholarship searches
College Scholarships, Colleges and Online Degrees  has 101 Top College, University, and Scholarship Web Pages.  The scholarship search is free but there are products for sale at this site.
CollegeNet.com Mach 25 claims to be a $1.6 billion scholarship database.
FastWeb.com  boasts 1.5 million scholarships and grant opportunities.
Indiana Dollars for Scholars site has more than 100 on-line sources to help with the college search.
Peterson's College Planner Scholarship Central offers a free scholarship search.
ScholarshipExperts.com
Student Aid on the Web details Federal Student Aid programs including grants and loans.
Students.gov Scholarships and Grants page includes scholarship search directories for private scholarships and government grants.
StudentScholarshipSearch.com  has free searchable database of college scholarships and grants updated daily.
SuperCollege.com has a free database of scholarships, grants and contests.
UNCF - The United Negro College Fund
United States Department of Veteran's Affairs gives the details of the GI Bill.
Twenty-first Century Scholars Program "began in 1990 as Indiana's way of raising the educational aspirations of low and moderate-income families. The program aims to ensure that all Indiana families can afford a college education for their children."  You must have applied in junior high school to participate.
Military
Some students choose to join the military to pay for their education.  Make sure you know what you are getting into.  Joining the military is a huge commitment and it could cost you your life.  If you are considering this option, talk with your family and friends who have military experience.  Do not just rely on what the recruiters tell you.  Make sure a career in the military is your real objective not just finding money for college.
Army - Money for your education from the Army Study Guide site.
U.S. Airforce ROTC - http://www.afrotc.com/scholarships/
Navy - http://www.navy.com/
National Guard- The Army National Guard and the Air Guard both offer some educational assistance.
If you have already made your college choice, make sure you talk with that college's financial aid department.  Many colleges offer money to incoming freshman with certain GPAs or class ranks.  Find out how much you can get and how to apply for these college specific scholarships.  For instance Indiana State University gives incoming freshman with a certain GPA a Laptop Scholarship and the University of Southern Indiana gives freshmen with high academic standing a set scholarship amount.  The college or university you choose might have a similar program. Make sure you ask.


Monday, August 22, 2016

Judaism Extra Credit WQ



Answer the following questions using the links beside them.
1. What do you think are 5 important points about the beliefs of Judaism?
Judaism 101: Beliefs

2. How many people practice the religion of Judaism? Where do they live?
Judaism 101: Population

3. What are 3 important roles in Judaism? Describe them in your own words.
Judaism 101: Leaders

4. In your own words, explain the history of either Moses, Aaron, or Miriam.
Judaism 101: Moses, Aaron and Miriam

5. What is a synagogue? What are some ritual items inside a synagogue?
Judaism 101: Synagogues and structures

6. Explain one Jewish sign or symbol in your own words:
Judaism 101: Signs and symbols

7. Choose one of the links that says basic next to it. Read through and summarize the site you chose. Include important details and how it ties to the religion of Judaism.
Judaism 101: Times

Friday, August 19, 2016

Friday 8/19 Senior Task

College Bound: 



Military Bound: 



Non-Secondary Bound: 

Monday, August 15, 2016

National Merit / SAT and PSAT

Step 1

Go to Khan Academy's SAT Prep Website and sign up for an account using your school gmail account.
Bookmark the Page (star in address bar on top right)

Step 2 

Learn about the SAT and PSAT. 
1. What is the SAT
2. What is it used for? 
3. What is the PSAT?

Step 3

Learn about the National Merit Scholarship Program
1. What is it?
2. How do you "apply"?
3. What can you get if you win?
4. Even if you don't win, can you think of any potential advantages to becoming "commended"?
5. What is the importance of the PSAT to the National Merit Scholarship Program?

Go to THIS link
6. What other scholarship opportunities are available through the National Merit Scholarship Program?
7. How can the National Merit Scholarship Program (any part of it) help you achieve your goals?